Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to have many health benefits. But they may have risks as well, including an increased risk for prostate cancer.
In a nine-year prospective study, researchers at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center in Seattle took annual blood samples from 834 men diagnosed with prostate cancer and 1,393 men who were cancer free. The study, published online in The Journal of the National Cancer Institute, controlled for more than a dozen cancer risk factors.
Compared with men in the lowest one-quarter for omega-3 levels, those in the highest one-quarter had a 44 percent increased risk for low-grade prostate cancer and a 71 percent increased risk for high-grade cancer. They found the association with three different omega-3?s ? eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), which are all found in fish and fish oil supplements ? but not with alpha-linolenic acid, which comes from flax seed.
The findings are an association and do not imply causation. But according to the lead author, Theodore M. Brasky, now at The Ohio State University, omega-3?s can affect gene expression and, in high doses, be pro-oxidative or suppress immunity, all of which could promote cancer.
Still, he added, the possible ?increase in prostate cancer risk doesn?t preclude a beneficial effect for other diseases.?
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